Childhood Development Child And Adolescent Psychology

Child and Adolescent Psychology Early Childhood Development Unit 9 Assignment Kenneth Peter Smith PS220 December 18, 2014 Professor Linda Smith So what goes on during Early Childhood - ages 3 to 6. Development is very crucial in every aspect of childhood but why is it important during early childhood? What goes on during this time frame in a child’s life that’s going to dictate every aspect of the child’s life for now and evermore? Is this stage of a child’s development even important to the outcome of the child’s development? Well as you would have guessed the early childhood stage – ages 3 to 6 is very crucial to a child’s healthy development and lifelong learning. How a child develops during this time affects future cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development, which influences school readiness and later success in its life (HealthyPeople.gov, 2014). The physical changes or components of development that occur during this time frame for a child between the ages of 3 to 6 are numerous. In the early stage of early childhood around preschool age children are typically walking, running, jumping and climbing. At this age their fine motor skills are developing significantly and they are able to dress themselves, pedal little tricycles as well as be able to color, draw, cut and paste objects to paper to make objects. Usually by age three they are capable of talking and able to articulate words and small sentences to make sense toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children Aruna Kalicharan Psychology of Infancy and Childhood (DEP 2000), Section 01 Professor Lissette M. Saavedra April 24, 2001 What is Low self-esteem? In most cases, children with low self-esteem feel that the important adults and peers in their lives do not accept them, do not care about them very much, and would not go out of their way to ensure their safety and well-being. Negative self-esteem is related to low self-confidence, insecurity, underachievementRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology1198 Words   |  5 PagesLifespan Development and Personality Jasmine Coverson PSY/103 E. W. Newlin University of Phoenix May 5, 2010 In developmental psychology, researchers describe the physical, emotional, and psychological stages of development while relating the specific issues involved in the stages, which can hinder proper development. Developmental psychology, also described as human development, is the scientific investigation of methodical psychological modifications that take place in humans in excessRead More The Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristics valued by the important adults and peers in their lives figures greatly in the development of self-esteem. Low Self- Esteem is the underlying cause of most cases involving: fear, anxiety, anger, panic attacks (self-esteem attacks), dependence and lack of assertiveness, depression, eating disorders, domestic violence, teen and gang violence, addictive behaviors, relationship problems, child-abuse, social anxiety disorders, avoiding personality disorders, and dependent personality disordersRead MoreThe Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development Essay898 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development JoLinda Freeman PSY104 Child and Adolescent Development Instructor Mark Kavanaugh April 4, 2015 The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development In order for us to understand how a child develops we must conduct research on theories that we believe and others believe to be true. When we do understand the development of children we will be able to understand the skills and behaviors of children. This will help usRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Cognitive And Social Change Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopmental psychology is a branch of the study that characterizes the human life span through physical, cognitive and social change. A human goes through three distinct life span stages, including infancy and childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The study of developmental psychology focuses on three major issues starting with nature and nurture, which deals with interactions between genetic inheritance and experiences to alter human development (Myers Dewall, 2015). The second issue is theRead MoreWhy Is Childhood Development Important?1124 Words   |  5 PagesWhy is childhood development important to understand whe n it comes to parenting? Parents have one of the biggest roles in ensuring that their children grow well and in a healthier manner from the time they are born until they become adults. It is very necessary for any parent to ensure that they have ample knowledge about all the parenting roles they need to play. It is necessary that a parent understand the stages involved in childhood development because children need to be handled differentlyRead MoreGrandma Vs. Research : Child And Adolescent Development912 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: Grandma vs. Research 1 Grandma vs. Research PSY 104: Child and Adolescent Development Instructor: Janet Stebbins Michelle Glahe April 3, 2017 Grandma vs. Research 2 Grandma’s Advice The advice you get from your grandma, grandpa or any one that is your elder, should notRead MoreEffects of Early Deprivation on the Development of Institutionalised Children1686 Words   |  7 Pageson the Development of Institutionalised Children Abstract Deprivation is defined as a reduced fulfillment of an essential desire or need. Studies on the development of children reared in institutions and orphanages help us to look at the effects of deprivation. Institutionalised children are reported to perform poorly on intelligence tests and to be slow learners with specific difficulties in language and social development, in comparisonRead MoreHow Children Acquire Aggressive Reponses649 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Aggression Many studies found frustration, various drugs, beliefs, traits and provocation are some influences that effect childhood aggression. Archer (1991) concentrated on biological influence such as norepinephrine, serotonin, cortisol and testosterone. This brief will focus on several theories that elevate aggression and can be positively modified by family and environment. Aggression was defined by Volavka Citrome (1999) as, a physical behaviour that causes psychological or physicalRead More Research on early fathers and mothers involvement and childs later educational outcomes831 Words   |  4 Pages In 2004, the British Journal of Educational Psychology releases a report on a research that was conducted by Eirini Flouri and Ann Buchanan dealing with the correlation of early interaction of parents and the future assessment of their children in school. Previous to this article, little research was given to the individual long-term contribution that early parent involvement had in a c hild’s success in school. Flouri and Buchanan had three particular goals in mind while completing this research:

Effectiveness Of A Competitive Advantage - 1156 Words

Increasingly, firms find themselves, either by design or circumstances, operating in business environments fraught with unprecedented, unparalleled, unrelenting, and largely unpredictable change. Retaining competitive advantage is a constant preoccupation for all companies. Millions of words have been written purporting to identify the principles and practices most likely to enable firms to gain competitive advantage and, thereby, enjoy superior profit margins. Despite all this study, management remains a testing ground where theory, experience, judgment and, sometimes, luck play a role. According to Glenn (2009), approximately 90 per cent of senior executives who took a survey by The Economist’s Magazine Intelligence Unit understand that their organizations have to be agile to thrive in the marketplace. According to Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, to be agile is to have a â€Å"quick, resourceful and adaptable character† (Agile, 2016). Agility has classically been defined as simply the ability to change direction rapidly (Bloomfield, Ackland, Elliot, 1994; Clarke, 1959; Mathews, 1973), but also the ability to change direction rapidly and accurately (Barrow McGee, 1971; Johnson Nelson, 1969). In more recent publications, some authors have defined agility to include whole-body change of direction as well as rapid movement and direction change of limbs (Baechle, 1994; Draper Lancaster, 1985). Based on many researches done we can define organizational agility as aShow MoreRelatedCompetitive Advantage By Michael Porter975 Words   |  4 PagesMost businesses strive to attain competitive advantage, whether they explicitly realize this or not. The concept of competitive advantage was propagated by Michael Porter, in his landmark book Competitive Strategy. He defined competitive advantage as â€Å"Competitive advantage grows out of value a firm is able to create for its buyers that exceeds the firm s cost of creating it.† (Porter, 1985) The concept provided a new paradigm for looking at the role of competition in firm’s success or failure inRead MoreOperational Effectiveness Is Not Strategy1123 Words   |  5 PagesOperational Effectiveness is not strategy In the world of business today, rivals can quickly copy market position, and competitive advantage is temporary. The problem is the failure to distinguish between operational effectiveness and strategy. Operational effectiveness and strategy are very important but they work in very different ways. A company can outperform rivals only if they can deliver greater value to customers or create comparable value at a lower cost, or do both. We can have cost advantageRead MoreEfficiency And Change In Management870 Words   |  4 Pagesand world run efficiently by creating products and resources that help benefit consumers. Many of these changes have had big impacts on topics such as efficiency and management within businesses and big impacts on achieving and maintaining a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Without having these changes in management many companies would struggle to see themselves grow to their full potential and provide the utmost customer service they can provide t o their consumers, who play a large role inRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors and use those factors to obtain a competitive advantage within the environment. The author will discuss how an organization creates value and sustains a competitive advantage through strategies. How an organization measures success to identify the effectiveness of a strategy. The author will identify the strategies of various companies and identify tactics that make the company successful. Competitive Advantage An organization that has a strategic advantage over its competitors that enables theRead MoreImproving A Competitive Advantage Within The Organization966 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to achieve a competitive advantage, an organization must have resources, competencies, and capabilities. Resources are what an organization utilizes to create value in the organization. Resources are imperative to the organizations value and are tangible and intangible. Tangible resources are financial, physical, and labor. â€Å"Robert Kaplan and David Norton point out that unlike financial and physical resources, intangible resources are hard for competitors to imitate, making them a powerfulRead MoreTaking a Look at Ben and Jerry1762 Words   |  7 Pagesconcentrated on the top level, the two founders and CEOs, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield (Caruana, 1998). Rather than carrying out formal market research, Ben Jerry establishes new flavors solely depends on founders’ own ideas and tastes. Greater effectiveness can be achieved from centralization as it provides ability to control activities (Ruekert ,1985). Therefore, high centralization from the two founders leads to successful implementation of ideas on new line and flavor between 1992 and 1994 in orderRead MoreAdvantages Of Information Technology1743 Words   |  7 PagesInformation Technology, 5-Forces Model, Competitive Advantage, and Strategic Positioning a. In a highly competitive, globalized, flat world filled with challenges and opportunities identify and discuss THREE important reasons why businesses MUST invest in information systems and related technologies (See Laudon Laudon text). Businesses must invest in IT for numerous reasons; three of those reasons are to achieve operational excellence, gain competitive advantage and for the company’s survival. InformationRead Moreâ€Å"Critically Assess the View That Human Resource Management Practices Should Be Designed to Fit the Business Strategies and Objectives†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'1310 Words   |  6 Pagesview that human resource management practices should be designed to fit the business strategies and objectives†Ã¢â‚¬Æ' Dynamism is increasingly becoming a feature of the business environment, so what can businesses do to attain and sustain a competitive advantage? They need to set out clear goals and objectives and then ensure that all internal processes and activities are designed in a manner to attain these goals and objectives. Furthermore, some of these practices should be linked directly to theirRead MoreBus 430 Assignment 1: Lenscrafters Case Study1307 Words   |  6 Pageswhich you: 1. Evaluate LensCrafters’ operations strategy and explain how the organization seeks to gain a competitive advantage in terms of sustainability. 2. Analyze how operation management activities affect the customer experience. Select two (2) operation management challenges and provide the solutions for confronting them. 3. Examine LensCrafters’ value chain and evaluate its effectiveness to operations in terms of quality, value creation, and customer satisfaction. 4. Determine the differentRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1138 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluences on the success of its strategies. The focus of this paper will be an environmental scan of the internal and external environments of two real-world firms, their competitive advantages and company strategies for creating value and sustaining competitiveness, measurement guidelines for verifying strategic effectiveness and their evaluation. Internal and External Environments Environmental scanning of the internal organizational environment focuses on company culture, employee-employee

Chocolate Industry free essay sample

Chocolate dates back to ancient America when the Mayans, and later the Aztecs, ground the beans of the Theobroma cacao tree into a bitter beverage, which they prized for its mystical and medicinal attributes. Chocolate’s name comes from the Aztec word, xocalatl, which means bitter water. Cortes, the conqueror of the Aztecs, brought the beans to Europe in the 1500s, where they were used to treat anemia, fever, gout, hemorrhoids, poor digestion, depression, and heart ailments. Today, chocolate is usually a highly processed blend of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter (all fat), cocoa powder, sugar, emulsifiers, and milk—far different from its origins. White chocolate contains no real chocolate at all—it’s just cocoa fat, sugar, and flavorings. Chocolate market in India The size of the chocolate market in India is about 4,000 tonnes and is valued at Rupees 6500 million (US$ 130 million). Cadbury India has the biggest market share at 70 per cent while Nestle is the second largest at 20 per cent. Traditionally, this is how products are positioned within the impulse category. First come soft drinks, which is a major market. They are followed by biscuits, sugar confectionery, ice creams and salted snacks. In the past, chocolate companies used to consider only the different brands in the chocolate market as their competitors. That was a mistake. In real life, chocolate products are fighting for a share of the consumers pockets. They are facing competition not only from chocolates but also other impulse products such as soft drinks, biscuits, salted snacks and ice-cream. To maintain the share of the chocolate market in the impulse market, the chocolate industry has to make sure that it grows in line with the impulse market or grows faster than that. Since the share of chocolates in the impulse category is just six per cent, the opportunities are plenty here. Despite the fact that Indians have strong affinity for sweets, the size of domestic confectionery market is small on account of traditional consumer tastes and habits. The Chocolate market in India is a niche market penetrated largely in urban areas and per capita consumption is low as compared to those in developed countries of the West. SWOT ANALYSIS of chocolate industry Strengths †¢Customers of chocolates are not price sensitive The consumer is not price sensitive. But the category is price sensitive. Downgrading does happen in other FMCG products. Chocolate demand is however more a function of affordability. Demand growth depends on shifts in income pyramid. When the economy grows at a lower pace, the upward shift in income pyramid is slower. This affects the rate at which new consumers are added. But existing consumers, who can afford the product do not downgrade. When we introduce lower priced products in smaller sizes, we add to the consumer base. Our existing consumers do not start buying the smaller chocolates. Weakness †¢Building a direct network of retailers i. e weakness of storage and logistics Chocolate needs to be distributed directly, unlike other FMCG products like soaps and detergents, which can be sold through a wholesale network. 0% of our products are sold directly to retailers. Building such a direct network in for distribution is a daunting task. †¢Chocolates are not viewed as a snack food Behaviorally, chocolates are still consumed as a chocolate and not as a filler. Perk still competes with a Dairy Milk and not with biscuits/ other snack foods. India is still far away from using chocolates as a snack food. The chocolate consumers need to have an offer that adds value before accepting chocolates as a snack. Because at the end of the day, how many Indians can afford a snackfood priced at Rs16-17 for 50gms? Low levels of consumption Compared to Western countries, chocolate consumption in India is considered to be on the low side. Whilst per capita chocolate consumption is a buoyant 8 kilograms in the UK, it stands at a rather modest 165 grams in urban India. Opportunity †¢Huge untapped urban population (middle class population) Chocolate consumption in urban India itself is low. There is a large untapped demand in urban market alone. Only 60mn people out of the urban middle class population of about 280mn consume chocolates. Threats †¢Threat from free availability of imported brands The premium brands, which come through official channels, do not pose a threat to the chocolate market, as these cater to a small niche market. However there is a lot of dumping from neighboring countries like Dubai, Nepal, etc of inferior brand of imported chocolates. These are not only of low quality, but are brought very near to their expiry dates. Most of the cheap chocolate brands that are available do not meet Indian Food Regulations. A legislation is required for these brands to conform to Indian disclosure norms on price, manufacture date, ingredients, etc which has already been issued. The origin of the group goes back to over two centuries. Some of the popular international brands of the company are Cadbury Dairy Milk, Dr Pepper, Flake, Trebor Basset, Snapple and Motts. The company also has Halls, Clorets, Trident, Dentyne and Bubbas bubble gum range in its portfolio with acquisition of Adams in December 2002. Since 1969, Cadbury Schweppes’ has focused on confectionery and non-alcoholic beverages In 2004, 60 per cent of the Group’s net sales came from confectionery and 40 per cent from beverages. The company employees around 55,000 people in over 200 countries around the world. Cadbury in India Cadbury India is a wholly owned subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes which has operated in the country for more than 55 years. It was originally incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Ltd in 1948. The company today employs nearly 2,000 people across India. Cadbury India is the No. 1 confectionery company with a 70 per cent market share in India. It is a dominating player in the Indian chocolate market with strong brands like Dairy Milk, Five Star, Perk, Gems, etc. Dairy milk is the largest chocolate brand in India. Cadbury is mainly into three segments Chocolates Cadbury India is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery market in India with over 70 per cent market share. The leading brands in this category are Cadbury’s Dairy Milk, Fruit Nut, Crackle, Temptations, 5 Star, Perk Celebrations Gift boxes. For more than five decades now, Cadbury has enjoyed leadership position in the Indian hocolate market to the extent that Cadbury’ has become a generic name for chocolate products. Cadbury has leading brands in all the segments viz bars (Dairy Milk, Crackle, Temptations), count lines (5 star, Milk Treat), panned confectionery (Gems) and wafer chocolates (Perk), eclairs (Cadburys Eclairs), tofees (English Toffee). Sugar Confectionery – Cadbury Dairy Milk Eclairs is one of the leading brands in this category. It is amongst the largest eclair brands in the market in terms of value share. Cadbury also owns Halls (which was acquired as a part of the global acquisition of the Adams business from Pfizer in 2003). Halls is amongst the largest brands in its segment of Minty/ Breath freshness brands in India. Food Drinks – Cadbury’s Bournvita is a leading brand in the brown drinks segment of milk/ malted food products. Cadbury’s other products include Drinking Chocolate and Cocoa powder. Overall share in the malted food drinks market is estimated to be around 19 per cent. The company has recently made a foray into snacking category with Cadbury Bytes, its sweet snacking brand. The company has been performing well in India. The net sales of the company have increased from around US$ 131. million in 2000 to US$ 166. 3 million in 2004. Factors for Success †¢Extensive distribution network Cadbury’s brands are available in over a million outlets across the country. The distribution network directly covers almost the entire urban population. The company has invested significantly in building such an extensive network. The company uses Information Technology to improve its logistics and distribution competitiveness. Cadbury has improved the distribution quality of its products with the installation of refrigerators at several outlets. This helps in maintaining product quality in summer, when sales usually dip due to the fact that the heat affects product quality and thereby consumption. †¢Creation of strong brands Cadbury owes its success to strong brand equity and resultant consumer preference that it enjoys in India. The company has built strong brand equity through consistently high product quality, relevant, insightful and entertaining communication. Cadbury has developed new channels for marketing its brands such as Gifting and Snacking. The company places great emphasis in ensuring display dominance at the point of purchase †¢Customisation of products for India Cadbury India has spent time in understanding the Indian consumers. Leveraging its 55 years of experience in India, the company has customised its products to the Indian markets. It also offers products at affordable price points so as to increase its market penetration. †¢Leveraging the India Advantages Though, India contributes to less than 5 per cent of the global revenues today, India is critical to the global strategy of the company †¢Managerial Talent Cadbury has begun recruiting management graduates in India to serve its global operations. †¢Huge market potential India offers huge market potential and is a priority market for Cadbury. The company also leverages India as a manufacturing base for producing products for the overseas market. Cadbury India has 4 company owned factories and as many third party manufacturing contractors. It also has a wide Sales Distribution infrastructure consisting of 33 depots managed by 4 regional sales branches across India. Future Plans Cadbury India expects strong growth in India in future. The company plans to increase the franchise of its existing brands and continue to explore new product opportunities including adjacent market opportunities. Cadbury India is also looking for more opportunities in the SAARC region. Nestle India limited Nestle India Ltd, 51% subsidiary of Nestle SA , is among the leading branded food player in the country. It has a broad based presence in the foods sector with leading market shares in instant coffee, infant foods, milk products and noodles. It has also strengthened its presence in chocolates, confectioneries and other semi processed food products during the last few years.

Teachers Inspiration free essay sample

My desk rattles. My chest heaves. I struggle to catch a breath. Concerned glazes from my fellow classmates dance around me, inquiring why I am splitting my sides at Dr. Persins corny, hackneyed joke. I regain my sanity, re-sync my breathing and smile as we begin todays AP Physics class. No, its not just his notorious catch phrases, eclectic attire, his manuerisms, corny jokes, or savvy intelligence. Its the blending of his eccentricity and his brilliance that allows students to excel in an enjoyble atmosphere. Dr. Persin informed me about the natural world, taught me valuable life lessons, and golly, someone that shares my qwerky humor? We bonded like the positive and negative poles of magnets. Magnets, circuits, trajectory motion. Indeed: a difficult class. However, Dr. Persin broke it down into simpler matter. He presented tangible models and explained concepts thoroughly. I struggled with mirrors and lenses until he pulled out the giant mirror and my cloud of confusion drifted away. We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers Inspiration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He provided us with weekly, hands-on lab activities where we recieved insight towards the subject matter, gained useful experience of working with scientific equipment, and collaborated in a groups. AP Physics taught me time management and organizational skills with weekly note checks. Finally, this class granted me insight to how a college class will be. Homework was due weekly and tests were heavily weighted. Though a challenging cirriculum of advanced physics topics, I was blessed to have a teacher that creatively presented such knowledge. He has positively influenced me academically and enstilled in me irreplaceable wordly skills. I proudly imPERSINate his qualities.

The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society

The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society Free Online Research Papers The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society by Jonathan Kozol points out the hardships that people go through on a daily basis because they are functionally illiterate. He describes the fact that many of these people vote blindly or do not vote at all, and if they could have voted based on what they read that we may not have had some of our past presidents in this country. He gives mind blowing statistics, including the 60 million people that are functionally illiterate in 1980, and first-hand quotes from some of those 60 million; but leaves too much up to the audience making his argument weak. Kozol defines illiteracy through quotes from the people who are illiterate. He leaves it up to the reader to define it for themselves through these different people’s experiences in everyday life as an illiterate person. Since he is leaving it up to the reader it endangers his ultimate point if the reader defines it in a way that completely turns Kozol’s argument inside out. In the excerpt we are given he does not describe how, or in this case why these people are fully grown adults who are unable to write or read at an eighth grade level. Since he does not provide this information it makes it harder for the reader to completely understand or identify with these people and really know how it could be fixed. Kozol’s stance on the subject is very obvious in the voice of his writing, along with the quotes or examples he gives. He believes that the illiteracy rate in the United States is a serious issue that affects not only the people who are illiterate but also those who are not. â€Å"If even one-third of all illiterates could vote, and read enough and do sufficient math to vote in their self-interest, Ronald Reagan would not likely have been chosen president†, is a good example that Kozol gives to show how these illiterate people affect the whole nation (Norgaard 39-40). An example that was very shocking that he gives about how illiteracy affects them on a personal level is as follows, â€Å"A woman in Detroit brought home a gallon of Crisco for her children’s dinner. She thought she had bought the chicken that was pictured one the label. She had enough Crisco now to last a year- but no more money to go back and buy the food for dinner†(Norgaard 42) Although Kozol gives his strong stance that illiteracy is bad, he does not provide any sort of proposition for a resolution. This is a very key point that he misses in the piece of the writing. Without answering this question and also not answering the question of how the issue came about in the first place puts a hole in his argument and makes it harder to get the audience to understand completely. Kozol’s claim seems to be that the illiteracy rate in the United States is simply unacceptable. His main reason is because of the suffering people go through on a daily basis because they are illiterate and cannot function in society at the same level as fully literate adults. Kozol’s other reason is also because these people not only affect themselves and those close to them, but also the country as a whole. He does not explicitly state a warrant. Instead he gives quotes from people who are illiterate. I stood at the bottom of the ramp. My car had broke down on the freeway. There was a phone. I asked for the police. They was nice. They said to tell them where I was. I looked up at the signs. There was one that I had seen before. I read it to them: ONE WAY STREET. They thought it was a joke. I told them I couldn’t read. There was other signs above the ramp. They told me to try. I looked around for somebody to help. All the cars was going by real fast. I wouldn’t make them understand that I was lost. The cop was nice. He knew that I was trapped. ‘I can’t send out a car to you if you can’t tell me where you are’. I felt afraid. I nearly cried. I’m forty-eight years old. I only said: ‘I’m on a one-way street†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Nordaard 45). The quote above is an example of how he gives a story and leaves it up to the reader to interpret them. Kozol uses these quotes as his support. The audience that he seems to be writing to is literate Americans during the 1980’s. In the very beginning he writes about the president at that time and other things that were going on around then. Since I was not born until 1990 I do not fully understand the political references that he makes throughout his writing, which makes me feel as if I am a little outside of the group he is trying to talk to. The audience is also people that did not know about the illiteracy issue in the United States because it seems as though he is trying to â€Å"open eyes† to what is truly going on with many of â€Å"our† fellow Americans. Kozol’s only evidence provided to the reader are the quotes and stories from illiterates. The quotes are the use of Pathos. Kozol is trying to touch the reader’s humanity by giving examples of human suffering. He tries to put the reader in the shoes of the illiterates and have the audience see how illiterate struggle in day to day life. It is not enough for the reader to believe what he is writing. Kozol does not provide any actual proof that those are true stories or even actual quotes that are not simply made-up. Since he does not provide any sort of hard evidence it makes things very easy for anyone who would like to discredit him and his work. Therefore, his argument is weaker because of the lack of evidence to make the reader believe what he is trying to convey. To make his argument stronger he should have used more logos, or facts, and simple logical evidence to support his claim. Throughout the excerpt Kozol blames the government for the fact that nothing is being done to fix the detrimental issue of the high illiteracy rate in the world power of the United States. Toward the end of the argument he writes, â€Å"This is the nation that we live in. This is a society that most of us did not create but which our President and the other leaders have been willing to sustain by virtue of malign neglect† (Norgaard 45). Kozol is saying that it is because of the current president, at that time it was Reagan, and past leaders that the illiteracy rate has escalated to the level it is. He writes that the people in the government have purposefully neglected this pressing issue. In the very beginning, as quoted earlier, he makes a slam against Ronald Reagan. He basically states that if illiterates knew what they were voting for, Reagan would have never been voted into office if they had known what he stood for. Therefore, his writing could be interpreted by the rea der as a political statement rather than a fight for the illiterates in the United States. Kozol’s argument in this piece of writing is a very weak one. He does not answer all of the four basic questions. He does not directly define what illiteracy is or why the rate is so high. He does not give a solution to the problem either. Kozol leaves it up to the audience to decide all of those things based on what he provides in the text. The problem with this is that different people with different views or backgrounds will interpret the text in their own way. He provides a claim and reasons but because he does not explicitly give warrants for those, the claim can be misinterpreted especially because of the politically statements that he also seems to be making. The evidence he provides is almost purely pathos, he appeals to the audiences’ humanity, which may not be enough to completely convince the audience that he is right. He does not completely provide the basis of logos which puts a hole in his argument. Overall, his argument was very weak and could be misinter preted or discredited because of what is left to the audience to decide. Research Papers on The Human Cost of an Illiterate SocietyComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTrailblazing by Eric Anderson19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

R.V. Martin (Anthony Edward (2001) ECWA Crim 2245; Q.B1 Case (Critic) Essay

R.V. Martin (Anthony Edward (2001) ECWA Crim 2245; Q.B1 Case (Critic) - Essay Example The jury could convict the defendant if self-defence evidence presented by the defendant raised doubts or the fact that Mr, Martin had used excessive force. The manslaughter charge that Mr. Martin faced would mean the defendant is believed to have used excessive force then the sentence would not be a life imprisonment. Then this would mean that the jury did not believe the defendants defence of having acted on self-defence. The facts that led to, the sentencing of Mr. Martin is knowledge that Mr. Martin used his firearm, yet he knew he was entitled to possessing it. The jury strongly believe that the although it is true that the two men who broke into Mr. Martins house intended to commit a burglary, Mr. martin was entitled to use reasonable force yet he used excessive force when he shot the 16 year old dead and left the other seriously injured. According to the jury Mr. Martin did not act reasonably in both of the cases. The judge in passing the sentence took into consideration the f rustration that Mr, Martin felt at the event of the Burglary as well as the medical report presented by his doctor. The court put into account the situation threat Mr. Martin faced, but it also pointed out that a dangerous weapon was not to be used in the manner that Mr. Martin used during the night of the Burglary. According to Almandras, she points out that the law states clearly that a householder may be liable in civil law or criminal law or in both if he is found to have used unwarranted force in opposition to a burglar or trespasser resulting to the death of the intruder or injury. Matters raised during Mr. Martin’s case suggest that any householder who kills or injuries a burglar will have a complete defence. The defendant is acquitted if he used was reasonable force and this must prove to be in defence of himself or another in the prevention of a crime (2011. p.1). The principal issue raised by conservatives is the measure of reasonable force, which they argue, should be proven, and the householders would not face prosecution unless their action is proven grossly disproportionate. However, democrats support the view that the current law was reliable and did not require a change. In the case, of Mr. Martin Almandras observes that the accused Mr. Martin had experienced several break ins. Mr. Martin had already expressed his dissatisfaction with the police response. On the night of the burglary, Mr. Martin shot onto the two burglars with an unlicensed gun. During his appeal, Mr. Martin presented fresh psychiatric evidence showing that, he was suffering from a long personal disorder. However, the court still ruled that the Mr. Martins state of mind was irrelevant to the purpose of self-defence. The psychiatric evide

Criticize the Cosmological Argument against Atheism Essay

Criticize the Cosmological Argument against Atheism - Essay Example It is also true because science and common sense has confirmed that something cannot come into existence from nothing. The premise also states that the reason why no one has seen something come into existence from nothing is proof that there is a cause for things to come into being (Rutten 45). The first premise has an intuitive appeal. It states that whatever comes into existence has a cause. The cause is what creates something. This means that the universe was impelled by a natural inclination. This is true because nothing in this world has ever come into existence out of nothing. This rebuttal tries to prove that there is no existence of God and that everything happened from nothing. However, supporters of the first premise argument object this rebuttal. The main response to this rebuttal is through the argument that all things which have a beginning in their own existence do have a cause. This means that God was not created. Unlike the universe, God did not come into existence. He has always existed even before the world came into existence (Craig 56). The second premise explains that the world began to exist. This means that the existence of the universe has a beginning. This is supported by the fact that the universe keeps on expanding and growing. The universe has over the years continued to grow and expand from an enormously dense and extremely hot state (Craig 65). This suggests that the universe started from something and continues to grow. However, the premise can be considered to be false due to one main assumption. The assumption is that it’s easy to also take into consideration that the universe, just like the initial cause, has always been in existence and continues to exist. This assumption also puts into consideration that the universe goes through an everlasting cycle of contraction and expansion. A